Storm Categories Explained

TD
Tropical Depression

Winds: 38 mph or less. Can cause heavy rain and flooding but minimal wind damage.

TS
Tropical Storm

Winds: 39-73 mph. Can cause significant flooding, power outages, and minor structural damage.

Cat 1
Category 1 Hurricane

Winds: 74-95 mph. Damage to roofs, trees, and power lines. Coastal flooding likely.

Cat 2
Category 2 Hurricane

Winds: 96-110 mph. Major roof and siding damage. Near-total power loss expected.

Cat 3
Category 3 Hurricane (Major)

Winds: 111-129 mph. Devastating damage. Electricity and water unavailable for days to weeks.

Cat 4
Category 4 Hurricane (Major)

Winds: 130-156 mph. Catastrophic damage. Most of area uninhabitable for weeks or months.

Cat 5
Category 5 Hurricane (Major)

Winds: 157+ mph. Total roof failure and wall collapse. Area uninhabitable for months.

Before the Storm

Build an Emergency Kit

Prepare a 3-day supply of essentials: water (1 gallon per person per day), non-perishable food, flashlight, batteries, first aid kit, medications, and important documents in a waterproof container.

Make a Family Plan

Discuss with your family where to go, how to communicate, and what to do if separated. Designate an out-of-state contact person.

Secure Your Property

Install storm shutters or board up windows. Clear yard of loose items. Reinforce garage doors. Check roof for loose shingles.

Review Insurance Coverage

Standard homeowners insurance doesn't cover flooding. Consider flood insurance through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).

Know Your Evacuation Zone

Find your local evacuation zone and routes. Plan where you'll stay. Keep your gas tank full during storm season.

During the Storm

Stay Indoors

Remain inside until officials declare it safe. The eye of the storm can bring temporary calm — don't go outside.

Monitor Updates

Keep a battery-powered or hand-crank radio tuned to NOAA Weather Radio or local news.

Avoid Windows

Stay in an interior room on the lowest level not prone to flooding. Close all interior doors.

Turn Off Utilities if Advised

Shut off gas, electricity, and water if instructed by authorities or if you suspect damage.

Never Use a Generator Indoors

Carbon monoxide from generators is deadly. Keep generators outside and at least 20 feet from windows.

After the Storm

Wait for Official All-Clear

Don't return home until authorities say it's safe. Beware of downed power lines and flooded roads.

Document Damage

Take photos and videos of all damage before cleanup. Contact your insurance company immediately.

Avoid Flood Water

Floodwater can be contaminated, electrically charged, or hide dangerous debris. Do not walk or drive through it.

Check on Neighbors

Especially elderly or disabled individuals who may need assistance.

Emergency Kit Checklist

💧 Water & Food

  • 1 gallon water per person per day (3-day minimum)
  • Non-perishable food (canned goods, energy bars)
  • Manual can opener
  • Pet food if applicable

🔦 Light & Power

  • Flashlights (avoid candles)
  • Extra batteries (AA, AAA, C, D)
  • Battery-powered or hand-crank radio
  • Portable power bank for phones

🏥 Health & First Aid

  • First aid kit
  • Prescription medications (7-day supply)
  • Over-the-counter medicines
  • Glasses or contact lenses

📋 Documents

  • ID and insurance cards
  • Bank account numbers
  • Emergency contact list
  • Copies in waterproof bag

🧰 Tools

  • Multi-tool or Swiss army knife
  • Duct tape
  • Plastic sheeting
  • Whistle to signal for help

🧹 Sanitation

  • Hand sanitizer
  • Wet wipes
  • Garbage bags
  • Toilet paper

Evacuation Guide

1
Know Your Zone

Find your evacuation zone at ready.gov or your local emergency management website. Zones A are typically evacuated first.

2
Plan Your Route

Identify multiple routes in case roads are blocked. Local authorities will designate evacuation routes — follow them.

3
Prepare Your Vehicle

Keep gas tank at least half full during storm season. Check tires, oil, and battery. Have a car emergency kit.

4
What to Take

Emergency kit, important documents, medications, clothing for 3 days, cash, phone chargers, and valuables.

5
Where to Go

Stay with family/friends first. Public shelters are available but should be last resort. Hotels outside the evacuation zone are another option.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a tropical storm?

A tropical storm is a tropical cyclone with sustained winds between 39-73 mph (63-118 km/h). It is stronger than a tropical depression but weaker than a hurricane.

What's the difference between a tropical storm and a hurricane?

The main difference is wind speed. A tropical storm has winds of 39-73 mph, while a hurricane has winds of 74 mph or greater. Both can cause significant damage through flooding and wind.

How long do tropical storms last?

Tropical storms typically last 2-7 days, but some can persist for weeks. Their duration depends on sea surface temperatures, wind shear, and other atmospheric conditions.

When is tropical storm season?

Atlantic tropical storm season runs from June 1 to November 30, peaking in September. Pacific season runs from May 15 to November 30.

What should I do if a tropical storm is approaching?

Monitor local weather updates, secure your property, review your evacuation plan, and prepare your emergency kit. Follow all instructions from local authorities.